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Also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of snow, typically built when the snow is easy to compact.
Although igloos are stereotypically associated with all Inuit/Eskimo peoples, they were traditionally associated with people of Canada's Central Arctic and Greenland's Thule area.
The Igloo is a dome-shaped building with a diameter of 2 - 4 meters and a height of about 2 meters from wind-compacted snow or ice blocks. It can also be "cut" from a suitable size and density snowdrift. With deep snow, the entrance is usually arranged in the floor, a corridor erupts at the entrance. With shallow snow, the entrance is arranged in the wall, to which an additional corridor of snow blocks is completed. It is important that the entrance to the needle is below the floor level - this ensures the outflow of heavy carbon dioxide from the building and the influx of lighter oxygen instead of it, and also does not allow lighter warm air to escape.
Light penetrates the needle directly through the snow walls, although sometimes windows are made of seal guts or ice. Eskimos can build entire villages of igloo huts connected by transitions.
The interior is usually covered with skins, sometimes the walls are covered with skins. For heating of the dwelling and its additional illumination fatty dishes are used. As a result of heating, the internal surfaces of the walls melt, but the walls do not melt since the snow easily removes excess heat from the hut to the outside. Therefore, a temperature comfortable for a person’s life can be maintained in a hut. In addition, the snow hut absorbs excessive moisture from the inside, as a result of which the hut is rather dry.
It is said that the first Canadian of Icelandic origin, Villalmoor Stefanson, learned how to build a needle from civilized people in 1914. He wrote about it in his book and in articles. However, from the biography of Roald Amundsen, described in Roland Huntford’s book The Conquest of the South Pole. The race of leaders ”, it can be concluded that Stefanson was not the first in this business.
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