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The tongue is an unpaired growth of the floor of the oral cavity in individuals of vertebrates.
The shape and position of the organ is variable and depends on its functional state. At rest, the organ has a spatulate shape, almost completely filling the oral cavity. The tip of the organ is adjacent to the back surface of the front teeth.
The tongue is involved in the process of chewing, articulate speech, taste perception, and salvation. The role of the organ in sucking the mother’s milk to the newborn and the infant is extremely important.
Dogs with the help of the organ also perform thermoregulation – when it is hot, they stick out the tongue and actively breathe. At the same time, saliva from the organ actively evaporates and carries away the excess heat from it, and since it is saturated with blood vessels, it also from the blood, and hence from the whole organism.
Cats, like many other animals, actively use their tongue to lick themselves and their babies. In addition, a long and agile cat tongue is equipped with special tubercles on the sides, which allow to separate the meat from the victim’s skeleton.
The human tongue is formed by striated muscle tissue and is covered with a mucous membrane. In the organ, the root of it (back third, facing the pharynx) and the body of the organ (front two thirds) are distinguished. The upper surface of it is called the back. On the border of the root and body of the tongue is the terminal sulcus. Sagittal language separates the longitudinal groove (external trace of the inside of the septum of the organ).