High detailed 3d building.
Previews were rendered with Vray mat and light.
The file has all lightning setup and texturing; multi layer photoshop PSD file included
The skyscrapers are traditionally built in the form of a monolithic tower organized around a central core including vertical traffic lanes (stairs, elevators) and networks (water, electricity, communications ...). The supporting structure can be concentrated in this central core or distributed on pillars. Some buildings have also benefited from an all-metal frame. In construction, there is a rivalry between the proponents of concrete construction, more resistant to fire, and the supporters of steel construction. Originally, the skyscrapers had a steel structure, the walls not being load-bearing. For very high heights, steel is often preferred because the concrete becomes too heavy, lacks flexibility and is not strong enough. However, high strength concretes have been progressively developed. Thus, to be able to build the tallest tower in the world, Burj Khalifa, the BTP subsidiary of Samsung has developed a concrete capable of withstanding a pressure of 800 kg per square centimeter. 330,000 cubic meters of concrete will have been used for this tower.
The concentration of traffic at one point of the building poses the problem of its evacuation in case of emergency if these circulations are rendered impassable (notably because of a fire). In the same way, the concentration of the supporting structures can make the building vulnerable if they are damaged. Another problem encountered is the lighting of the most central areas: beyond a certain distance, natural light is no longer sufficient for artificial lighting to be dispensed with.
In highly seismic areas, such as Japan, the construction of high-rise buildings poses formidable security problems. Complex systems of jacks and pendulums allow buildings to remain stable in the event of earthquakes.
The construction of a skyscraper 100/150 m high lasts 2 to 3 years in general, but it can be faster. Thus the Empire State Building in New York, 381 meters high and completed in 1931, was built in one year and 45 days. The Burj Khalifa in Dubai (the tallest tower in the world at 828 meters) required 6 years of work from January 2004 to January 2010. It often happens that the works stop because of financial difficulties and that they are spread over one or more decades. Thus, the construction of the Blue Tower in Warsaw took 26 years. In China, the work of one of the highest towers in the country, the Shanghai World Financial Center in Shanghai, lasted from 1997 to 2008 due to an interruption of several years.
A skyscraper can last over 100 years. The skyscrapers of New York built during the 1890s still exist (at least the highest). Very often, a skyscraper is destroyed only to make room for a higher building.
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