A humpback whale 3d model made in sculptris and animated in Blender. This 3D model has been rigged in blender using the default rigify addon modified to suit the whale.
For the first time, the humpback whale was identified as the “baleine de la Nouvelle Angleterre” in the work of “Le Règne animal” by Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1756). In 1781, the species was described by Georg Borowski, who translated the former name of the humpback whale into Latin - Baleana novaeangliae. At the beginning of the 19th century, Laseped renamed the humpback whale into Balaenoptera jubartes, transferring it from the Balaenidae family to the Balaenopteridae family. In 1846, John E. Gray classified the humpback whale as Megaptera longpinna, and in 1932, Remington Kellogg again changed its species name to novaeangliae. Kellogg also described the oldest fossil humpback whale, Megaptera miocaena, known from the Late Miocene. The fossil remains of humpback whales are also known from the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene in North America and from the Upper Pliocene in Europe.
Humpback is a rather large whale. The average body length of an adult individual: 14.5 m for females, 13.5 m for males (based on measurements of individuals caught in Antarctic and Australian waters between 1949-1962, slightly different results were obtained: 13.9 for females and 13 m for males). The largest individuals of the humpback whale reach 17–18 m, but they are rare. The average weight of a humpback whale is 30 tons. Humpback whales have the largest subcutaneous fat layer thickness relative to body size among striped whales and the second absolute thickness of subcutaneous fat among cetaceans after the blue whale. In addition to size, the only external difference between males and females are the structural features of the urogenital zone: the males lack a hemispherical protrusion with a diameter of about 15 cm at the far end of the urogenital slit.
The humpback whale differs from other striped whales in the characteristic shape and coloring of the body, the shape of the dorsal fin, the size of the pectoral fins, the large “warts” on the snout and at the ends of the pectoral fins and the uneven edge of the tail fin. The body of the humpback whale is shortened and dense, in the front of the extended, in the back - refined and compressed from the sides. The head is flattened, with a snout rounded off at the end; in adults, it is only 3.2-3.5 times shorter than the body. Massive lower jaws protrude 10-30 cm forward. The belly is sagging. The longitudinal grooves on the throat and abdomen are large (2-3 times wider and deeper than the finale), but not numerous. As a rule, there are from 14 to 22 furrows. The fountain at the humpback whale is bushy, sometimes in the shape of the letter V, up to 3 m high.
Its common name, yubarta, probably comes from the alteration of the old French name jubartes, which comes from the English word gibbard or the Latin word gibbus, which means hump.
he size, shape and proportion of the brain is similar to what was observed in other myceicets; showing some notable differences with respect to odontocetes in morphology and cell structure. A brain obtained from a female had a brain mass of 4030 g and a proportionally large cerebellum of 740 g with a percentage of 18% with respect to the total mass. The components of the sense of smell are small, or as is the case of the olfactory lobe, they are absent and it is doubtful that they have a sense of functional smell.
The humpback whales have between the skin layer and subcutaneous fat (called in English blubber ) thicker in proportion to their size; being surpassed only by the blue whale in absolute figures. The thickness of this layer varies according to the time of the year, age and physiological condition.
The pectoral fins are white on the lower face and can be white or black on the upper face depending on each population or each individual. This area of the fins tends to be white in those that inhabit the North Atlantic, while in the North Pacific it is often black. 8 The relative size of the pectoral fins compared to the other myelocytes is evident. It was found that the length measured from the head of the humerus to the tip of the fin ranges from 28.3 to 34.1% of the total length of the animal, while in Balaenoptera physalus it only reaches 11.2 to 13.1 %, in Balaenoptera musculus from 13.9 to 16.1% and in Eschrichtius robustus from 17.5 to 20.9%.
The body color is black on the back and varies on the belly, where it can be black, white or mottled. In the head and jaws it presents a series of protuberances of the species called tubers, which are actually hair follicles . 8 The dorsal fin is small and very variable in shape for each individual; It can be almost absent or be sickle-shaped. Like the other whales, the humpback whale has a series of ventral folds that start from the tip of the jaw to the umbilical area. The tail, which frequently draws from the water at the beginning of each dive, has on its lower face a unique pattern in each individual that ranges between black and white; it also has a characteristic saw-shaped pattern at the rear edge of the tail fin.
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