High detailed 3d building.
Previews were rendered with vray mat and light.
The file has all lightning setup and texturing; multi layer photoshop PSD file included
Buildings built with these metal frames are nevertheless exposed to the potentially devastating effects of the wind. Reinforcements must be introduced thanks to the work of Augustin Fresnel to calculate the load and the moments on large structures. Structural steel buildings are also particularly vulnerable to fire and require special fireproofing. French engineers studied this area in the early 19th century but decisive progress was made by the architect Peter Wight in the 1860s. Motivated by the Chicago fires in 1871 and Boston in 1872, his works gave birth to many fireproofing products in the 1870s.
Taller and more massive buildings such as skyscrapers requiring stronger foundations than smaller buildings. Anterior constructions usually have foundations that rest on rubble on the ground. However, the soil is not able to support ever taller and heavier buildings and it is necessary to lay their foundations directly on the bedrock. In New York and Chicago, this involves digging very deep in loose soil and often waterlogged; the risk is that the water will flood the excavation before the work is completed. Watertight structures called caissons were invented in Great Britain in 1830 to remedy this problem and adopted in the United States in the 1850s and 1860s.
The development of the lift is also essential for the development of skyscrapers because office buildings of more than six floors are unusable without them. The first was installed in the United Kingdom in the 1830s and then in American factories and hotels in the 1840s. New technologies for heating, lighting, ventilation, and sanitation were also needed to create large buildings, where it would be possible to work in good condition. Central heating can not easily be used in large buildings; in the 1850s, a system using low-pressure steam and fans associated with steam engines was developed and subsequently adopted in the construction of skyscrapers. Many US buildings are gas-lit, but this technology is risky and difficult to install in tall buildings. Electric lighting began in 1878 with electric generators installed in the basement. Ventilation is also a challenge because the fumes coming from the streets and created by the gas lamps make the air less breathable. A ventilation system with air forced by a steam engine invented in the 1860s is widely used from the 1870s and can reduce much of the problem
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