Radio 3D Model (lwo obj)

Description
Sample File

3D Model by kinopost

Radio 3D model is a type of wireless transmission of information, in which radio waves, freely distributed in space, are used as information carriers.

The term “radio” was first introduced into circulation by the English chemist William Crookes in 1873 (to explain the results of some chemical experiments), i.e. almost 20 years before the invention of the radio.

Crooks himself did not conduct experiments on the technique of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, but he was a science fiction writer who admitted "a contactless biological connection between the heads of people" and published his articles in journals. So in 1892, in the article “Some possibilities of using electricity” of an English general journal, describing an imaginary receiving and transmitting installation, he widely used the concept of “radio”. Other terms stated in the text, such as "generation", "range", "sensitivity", "selectivity" and others, also later became commonly used.

At the same time, the term “radio” was not popular at first. Scientists and inventors until about 1910 used the term “wireless communication” because in those years radio was only an alternative to wire telegraph.

Radio waves propagate in vacuum and in the atmosphere, the earth's solid and water for them are opaque. However, due to the effects of diffraction and reflection, a connection is possible between points on the earth's surface that do not have direct visibility, in particular, are located at a great distance.

The propagation of radio waves from the source to the receiver can occur in several ways at the same time - this propagation is called multipath. Due to multipath and changes in the parameters of the medium, fading occurs - the change in the level of the received signal over time. With multipath, a change in the signal level occurs due to interference, that is, at the point of reception, the electromagnetic field is the “sum” of the radio waves in the range shifted in time.

The first patent for wireless communication was received in 1872 by an American amateur radio operator, a dentist by profession Malon Lumis, who declared in 1866 that he had discovered a method for wireless communication; in the USA, David Hughes (1878), as well as Thomas Edison (1875; patent 1885) and Nikol Tesl (patent for a transmitting device with a resonant transformer in 1891) are considered the inventors of radio; in Germany - Heinrich Hertz (1888); in France - Eduard Branly (1890); in the USA and a number of Balkan countries, to Nikol Tesla (1891); in Brazil, Landel de Muru (1893-1894); in England - Oliver Joseph Lodge (1894); in India - Jagadisha Chandra Bose (1894 or 1895); in Russia - A. S. Popov (1895) and Jacob Narkevich-Iodko (1890).

The Italian engineer Guglielmo Marconi (1895) is considered to be the creator of the first successful system of information exchange using radio waves (radiotelegraphy) in the west.

In the USSR and in the former Soviet republics, A. S. Popov is considered the inventor of wireless telegraphy. In the experiments on radio communications conducted in a physical office, and then in the garden of the Mines of the officer class, the device of A. S. Popov detected radiation of radio signals sent by the transmitter at a distance of up to 60 m. At a meeting of the Russian Physicochemical Society in St. Petersburg on April 25 (7 May 1895, A. S. Popov demonstrated, as indicated in the minutes of the meeting, "a device designed to show fast oscillations in atmospheric electricity." In the USSR, from 1945, May 7 began to be celebrated as Radio Day.

Further, radio communication was established at a distance of 250 m. While working on his invention, Popov soon achieved a communication range of more than 600 m. Then, in the maneuvers of the Black Sea Fleet in 1899, the scientist established radio communication at a distance of over 20 km, and in 1901 the radio range was already 150 km . An important role in this was played by the new design of the transmitter: the spark gap was placed in an oscillatory circuit inductively coupled to the transmitting antenna and tuned to it in resonance. Signal registration methods have also changed significantly: in parallel with the call, a telegraph apparatus was turned on, which allowed automatic recording of signals. In 1899, the possibility of receiving signals using a telephone was discovered. In early 1900, radio communications were successfully used during rescue operations in the Gulf of Finland. With the participation of A. S. Popov, the introduction of radio communications in the Navy and in the Russian army began.

In France, the creator of the coherer (Branly pipe) (1890) Edouard Branly was considered the inventor of wireless telegraphy for a long time.

In India, a broadcast in the millimeter range in November 1894 was demonstrated by Jagadish Chandra Bose.

In the UK, in 1894, the first to demonstrate radio transmission and radio reception over a distance of 40 meters was the inventor of the coherer (Branly tube with shaker) Oliver Joseph Lodge. The first inventor of the methods of transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves (which for a long time were called "Hertzian Waves") is their discoverer, the German scientist Heinrich Hertz (1888).

The main stages of the history of the invention of radio, from the point of view of the development of theory and practice of radio communications, are as follows:

1820 - Danish scientist, physicist Hans Christian Oersted demonstrated that a wire with current deflects the magnetized needle of a compass.
1829 - American physicist Joseph Henry in experiments with Leyden banks discovered that their electrical discharges cause magnetization at a distance of metal needles.
1831 - English physicist-chemist Michael Faraday discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
1837 - German physicist and astronomer Karl August von Steinheil, studying the properties of a two-wire telegraph apparatus, found that he could eliminate one of the wires and use a single wire for telegraph communication. This led him to speculate that both wires could be eliminated — and transmit telegraph signals through the earth, without wires connecting the stations.
1845 - Michael Faraday introduced the concept of electromagnetic field.
1854 - Scot James Bowman Lindsey received a patent for a wireless telegraphy system through water.
1859 - German physicist Berend Feddersen experimentally proved that discharges of Leyden cans trigger ether vibrational processes.
1860-1865 - English physicist James Clark Maxwell created the theory of electromagnetic field.
1866 - Malon Loomis announced that he had discovered a method of wireless communication. Communication was carried out using two electric wires raised by two kites: one of them (with a breaker) was the antenna of the radio transmitter, the second - the antenna of the radio receiver. When the circuit of one wire was opened from the ground, the galvanometer needle in the circuit of another wire deviated.
1868 - Malon Loomis said that he repeated his experiments in front of representatives of the US Congress, transmitting signals at a distance of 14-18 miles.

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Specifications

  • Vertices193473
  • Polygons193145
  • GeometryPolygonal
  • AnimatedNo
  • MaterialsYes
  • RiggedNo
  • TexturesYes
  • File-formatsLightwave (.lwo, .lw, .lws), Wavefront (.obj)
  • NID20627
  • LicenseRoyalty Free
  • Copyright TransferredNo
  • ResellableNo
3D Model ID: 187446

Published on: February 13, 2011