high detail building model with multi layer phososhop PSD file
For Mies, the structure was paramount, hence his emphasis on the rectilinear frame constructed of familiar building elements, including most importantly the wide-flange beam. Mies's buildings are typically dependent, for their exterior structural materials, on steel or less often reinforced concrete, along with broad expanses of glass. Like the Prairie Houses of Frank Lloyd Wright, Mies's skyscrapers blurred the boundary between interior and exterior space, as their glazed curtain walls became filters instead of barriers. Above all, Mies believed in creating friendly functional structures to serve people, rather than decorative structures to serve historical notions of artistic style. His focus on minimalism was expressed in his famous aphorism less is more.
By the early 1950s, as a teacher, Mies van der Rohe had begun to produce a generation of students who shared his principles of design, while at the same time he had succeeded in impressing a number of independent architects and interior designers with his completed buildings. By the late 1950s, the first signs of a Miesian school were beginning to appear, most noticeably in Chicago. But within a decade, this Miesian school had expanded to become a Chicago school in order to reflect the growing body of Chicago architecture which was derivative but not directly imitative of him.
The first major firm of architects to produce steel and glass high-rise buildings in keeping with the main characteristics of the Second Chicago School was Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), founded in Chicago in 1936 by Louis Skidmore and Nathaniel Owings. The Inland Steel Building (1957), the first high-rise construction in the Loop of the postwar period, was famous for its stainless steel frame, its exterior columns positioned outside the curtain wall, and its column-free interior. After this came its two iconic tubular frame buildings: the 100-story John Hancock Center (1969), with its tapering wedge-shape and X-shaped support braces; and the 110-story, 1,451-foot tall Sears Tower (1974) now the Willis Tower, still the tallest building in the United States. The key designers at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill whose architecture helped to define the Second Chicago School included the legendary Bangladeshi Fazlur Khan (1929-82) inventor of the tubular frame, Myron Goldsmith (1918-1996), the Colombian architect Bruce Graham (1925-2010), and the brutalist designer Walter Netsch (1920-2008).
Fazlur Khan's innovations, in particular, had and continue to have a huge impact on skyscraper design in Chicago and elsewhere. His revolutionary structural system of framed tubes first appeared in the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building (1963), Chicago, and afterward in his John Hancock Center and Sears Tower, as well as in today's Trump International Hotel and Tower, the Petronas Towers, the Jin Mao Building, and other supertall skyscrapers.
Download Building 029 3D model on Flatpyramid now.
