A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a vertical
structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the
structure above to other structural elements below. For the purpose of wind or
earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces.
Other compression members are often termed "columns" because of the similar
stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on
which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture, "column"
refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and
decorative features. A column might also be a decorative element not needed
for structural purposes; many columns are "engaged with", that is to say form
part of a wall.
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