Mausoleum of Halicarnassus 3D model.
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus was a tomb built between
353 and 350 BC at Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a
satrap in the Persian Empire, and Artemisia II of Caria, his wife and sister.
The structure was designed by the Greek architects Satyros and Pythius of
Priene.
In the year 26 n. e. several cities of the Roman province of Asia competed for the right to build a temple in honor of the emperor Tiberius, as the historian Tacitus reports. Representatives of Halicarnassus put forward the argument that in their city a temple could be built on a rock stronghold towering over 12 centuries, suggesting that Halicarnassus exists since the Trojan War.
However, during the Trojan War (XIII century BC.) Halicarnassus did not exist. Homer does not mention such a city, although Miletus were already inhabited by the Carians. Herodotus reports that Halicarnassus was founded by the Greeks of the Dorian tribe, who came from Tresena, located in the southeast of the Peloponnese in Argolis. It is not known when this happened - probably in the era of the great Greek colonization, which began in the VIII century BC. e. Strabo mentions that before Halicarnassus had the name Zephyria, and Vitruvius names the founders of the city: Melas and Arevani. The name Zephyria (Zephyria) city acquired by location on a narrow isthmus called Zephyrium, which separated the peninsula from the mainland of Asia Minor (see map of Caria).
The archaic Lelegs inhabited Karya together with the people of the Carians, presumably the descendants of the Hittite tribes. Local tribes lived in small fortified towns, one of which, Salmakis, later joined Halicarnassus. The place for the base of the polis was chosen successfully: a comfortable bay in the bay of Ceramics, a small island in the center of the bay was a natural dock and at the same time a protected place from local ill-wishers. Around Halicarnassus until the middle of the IV. BC e. There were settlements of the Carians, but there is no information about the conflicts of the Greeks with the local population. Moreover, by the second half of IV c. BC e. The Carians were Hellenized and dissolved among the Hellenistic kingdoms and polis.
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